{"id":972,"date":"2025-10-07T19:59:12","date_gmt":"2025-10-07T19:59:12","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/farmstand.chee.studio\/americas-unfair-food-system-was-built-on-lending-discrimination-were-fighting-back\/"},"modified":"2026-09-21T18:32:01","modified_gmt":"2026-09-21T18:32:01","slug":"americas-unfair-food-system-was-built-on-lending-discrimination-were-fighting-back","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/farmstand.org\/es\/americas-unfair-food-system-was-built-on-lending-discrimination-were-fighting-back\/","title":{"rendered":"El injusto sistema alimentario de Estados Unidos se bas\u00f3 en la discriminaci\u00f3n en el otorgamiento de cr\u00e9ditos. Estamos luchando en contra."},"content":{"rendered":"

Por Sylvia Regan<\/a><\/strong>
\nParalegal de investigaci\u00f3n<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La agricultura estadounidense depende del cr\u00e9dito tanto como de semillas, suelo, lluvia y sol. Sin cr\u00e9dito, los agricultores no pueden invertir en tractores, ganado o nuevos sistemas de riego. Pueden no sobrevivir a un a\u00f1o dif\u00edcil de precios bajos o condiciones clim\u00e1ticas adversas.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pero el cr\u00e9dito agr\u00edcola nunca se ha distribuido de manera equitativa. Los miembros de grupos desatendidos \u2014incluyendo personas de color, mujeres y j\u00f3venes o nuevos agricultores\u2014 han encontrado desde hace tiempo dif\u00edcil o imposible acceder al cr\u00e9dito en igualdad de condiciones con sus competidores.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n
\n

La distribuci\u00f3n desigual del acceso al cr\u00e9dito es una de las principales razones por las que la agricultura estadounidense se ha vuelto m\u00e1s blanca, m\u00e1s antigua y m\u00e1s grande.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

La concesi\u00f3n de cr\u00e9ditos crediticios injustos no solo perjudica a los agricultores que enfrentan discriminaci\u00f3n. Los peque\u00f1os y medianos agricultores son la columna vertebral de un sistema alimentario vibrante y saludable. Estos productores diversos y independientes ofrecen una alternativa a la gran agricultura: un sistema mejor que cuida a las comunidades locales, a los trabajadores, a los animales y a la tierra.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pero no podemos combatir la discriminaci\u00f3n que no podemos ver. En 2023, el Bureau of Consumer Financial Protection emiti\u00f3 una norma final Esto fue aplaudido por los agricultores y los grupos agr\u00edcolas.<\/a> Finalmente se exige a las instituciones financieras que reporten la demograf\u00eda de los solicitantes de cr\u00e9dito. La norma deber\u00eda haberse aplicado ya, pero la CFPB, controlada por Trump, ha dejado de aplicarla.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

 <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"La
Copyright 2025, G. Edward Johnson. CC-By Licencia Atribuci\u00f3n<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

 <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Los defensores de los derechos civiles y la justicia econ\u00f3mica han cuestionado el ataque de la administraci\u00f3n Trump contra esto. Regla cr\u00edtica<\/a>. Los defensores de la justicia alimentaria, representados por FarmSTAND, presentaron una Breve amicus curiae en el que se argumenta por qu\u00e9 los datos sobre el cr\u00e9dito agr\u00edcola son una pieza fundamental para construir un sistema alimentario m\u00e1s justo.  <\/a><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n
\n

Mantente involucrade en la lucha por un sistema alimentario justo. Suscr\u00edbete para recibir correos electr\u00f3nicos de FarmSTAND.<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

\n
Reg\u00edstrate<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

La historia<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Para comprender por qu\u00e9 la falta de equidad en el otorgamiento de cr\u00e9ditos es una fuerza tan dominante en la agricultura moderna, debemos remontarnos a los or\u00edgenes de la esclavitud en los Estados Unidos y a los sistemas establecidos tras la Guerra Civil para mantener las jerarqu\u00edas racializadas.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La terminaci\u00f3n de la Guerra Civil, la Emancipaci\u00f3n y la legislaci\u00f3n de la Era de la Reconstrucci\u00f3n prometieron a los antiguos esclavos la oportunidad de poseer la tierra en la que hab\u00edan sido forzados a trabajar durante mucho tiempo. Sin embargo, pocos antiguos esclavos pod\u00edan permitirse pagar en efectivo por tierras agr\u00edcolas. Y el cr\u00e9dito agr\u00edcola que exist\u00eda en los Estados Unidos tras la Guerra Civil se destinaba principalmente a hombres blancos.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En cambio, los agricultores negros tuvieron que financiar sus operaciones mediante hipotecas sobre la cosecha<\/a>, que forma parte de sistema de arrendamiento agrario<\/a> esto perpetu\u00f3 la explotaci\u00f3n econ\u00f3mica de las personas que hab\u00edan sido esclavizadas. Los grav\u00e1menes sobre los cultivos a menudo ven\u00edan acompa\u00f1ados de tasas de inter\u00e9s extremadamente altas y otorgaban a los prestamistas un control excesivo sobre los agricultores, lo que imped\u00eda a muchos agricultores negros controlar su propio negocio y convertirse en propietarios de tierras.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

 <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Fotograf\u00eda
La fot\u00f3grafa Dorothea Lange desafi\u00f3 las instrucciones de su empleador, la Administraci\u00f3n de Seguridad Agr\u00edcola del USDA, de centrarse en la pobreza blanca e insisti\u00f3 en documentar las experiencias de los agricultores arrendatarios negros y otras personas de color durante la depresi\u00f3n. A lo largo de muchas \u00e9pocas, los afroamericanos han enfrentado un trato desigual en el sistema alimentario, especialmente debido a la discriminaci\u00f3n en la concesi\u00f3n de pr\u00e9stamos. Lange, Dorothea, fot\u00f3grafa. Caba\u00f1a t\u00edpica de un cosechador de algod\u00f3n del sur. Mississippi. Estados Unidos, Mississippi, 1936. Julio. Fotograf\u00eda https:\/\/www.loc.gov\/item\/2017763020\/.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

 <\/p>\n\n\n\n

A pesar de estos desaf\u00edos, los agricultores negros llegaron a ser propietarios de una cantidad notable de tierras agr\u00edcolas. En 1910, el Censo Agr\u00edcola<\/a> Se contabilizaron 241.221 granjeros negros y otros no blancos que eran propietarios de sus tierras.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pero en los a\u00f1os transcurridos desde entonces, la propiedad de tierras por parte de personas negras ha disminuido dr\u00e1sticamente. Para 2022, solo 20.039 granjas eran totalmente propiedad de productores negros<\/a>. \u00bfUna de las principales causas de esta ca\u00edda? Un acceso desigual al cr\u00e9dito. Despu\u00e9s de la reconstrucci\u00f3n, muchos prestamistas solo otorgaban cr\u00e9dito a los agricultores negros para el cultivo del algod\u00f3n. Cuando el mercado del algod\u00f3n se desplom\u00f3 a principios de la d\u00e9cada de 2000, los prestamistas blancos se volvieron m\u00e1s exigentes con los agricultores negros.el<\/sup> siglo, Muchos agricultores negros perdieron sus fincas<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Durante el Nuevo Acuerdo se introdujeron programas para apoyar a los agricultores en dificultades. Pero El USDA excluy\u00f3 sistem\u00e1ticamente a los agricultores negros<\/a> de estos programas, incluyendo los que garantizaban cr\u00e9ditos baratos. De hecho, en ese momento el USDA estaba controlado por dem\u00f3cratas del sur que lo utilizaban como herramienta para mantener la segregaci\u00f3n e inequidad \u2014lo que le vali\u00f3 el apodo de \u201cUSDA de los negros\u201d.\u201cLa \u00faltima plantaci\u00f3n<\/a>.La discriminaci\u00f3n racial era especialmente generalizada en Administraci\u00f3n de Hogares de Agricultores del USDA<\/a>, el prestamista federal de \u00faltimo recurso en materia agr\u00edcola. Esta discriminaci\u00f3n cost\u00f3 a cientos de miles de agricultores negros y de otras minor\u00edas sus fincas y medios de vida.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En el 1990s<\/a> y 2010s<\/a>, Los agricultores negros presentaron una demanda contra la USDA por discriminaci\u00f3n contra ellos en materia de cr\u00e9dito y otros beneficios. Estas acciones colectivas dieron como resultado pagos hist\u00f3ricos a las v\u00edctimas del historial de discriminaci\u00f3n de la USDA \u2014 pero para muchos, estos pagos llegaron demasiado tarde, ya que muchas de las empresas familiares ya hab\u00edan desaparecido.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Casos similares han sido presentados por agricultores ind\u00edgenas, hispanos y mujeres, lo que ha dado como resultado sitios similares o nuevos procesos<\/a> Tratar de reparar los da\u00f1os causados por la discriminaci\u00f3n de la USDA. Estos casos proporcionaron cierta justicia a los agricultores socialmente desfavorecidos, pero no solucionaron el problema m\u00e1s amplio. Hoy en d\u00eda, el gobierno proporciona muy poca asistencia crediticia agr\u00edcola. En cambio, el 83% % proviene de los acreedores comerciales.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Innumerables agricultores de grupos hist\u00f3ricamente desatendidos declaran que han sufrido discriminaci\u00f3n por parte de los bancos comerciales al solicitar cr\u00e9dito para su negocio agr\u00edcola. Historias de banqueros requerir garant\u00edas irrazonables<\/a> Para pr\u00e9stamos o simplemente Huyendo de los agricultores negros<\/a> Evitar darles cr\u00e9dito es, desafortunadamente, una pr\u00e1ctica com\u00fan.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Luchando por un sistema de cr\u00e9dito agr\u00edcola m\u00e1s justo<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Aunque los agricultores se enfrentan y han denunciado discriminaci\u00f3n en el otorgamiento de pr\u00e9stamos desde hace m\u00e1s de 100 a\u00f1os, a\u00fan no tenemos los datos completos necesarios para analizar y abordar este problema sist\u00e9mico. Tras a\u00f1os de lucha, en 2023 el Departamento de Protecci\u00f3n Financiera del Consumidor emiti\u00f3 una norma que obligar\u00eda a las entidades de cr\u00e9dito a recopilar y reportar datos demogr\u00e1ficos de los solicitantes. Esta informaci\u00f3n ser\u00e1 fundamental para identificar d\u00f3nde se produce la discriminaci\u00f3n y para responsabilizar a las entidades de hacer frente a este problema.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

 <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Equipo<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

 <\/p>\n\n\n\n

El gobierno de Trump quiere eliminar esta norma, al igual que est\u00e1 tratando de eliminar el prop\u00f3sito completo del CFPB. de protegernos de las corporaciones depredadoras<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n
\n

Cuando peque\u00f1os agricultores diversos sufren p\u00e9rdidas debido a pr\u00e9stamos injustos, la gran industria agropecuaria se beneficia: absorbe sus tierras y controla cada vez m\u00e1s el mercado agr\u00edcola.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

El impacto es especialmente grave para los agricultores de color y las comunidades que ellos sustentan.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En FarmSTAND entendemos que nuestro sistema alimentario siempre se ha basado en la explotaci\u00f3n de comunidades de color y que debemos desafiar las estructuras racistas para construir un sistema alimentario verdaderamente equitativo. Por eso nos sentimos orgullosos de representar a una coalici\u00f3n de la cual somos miembro principal, Alianza de Alimentos HEAL<\/a>, al destacar la importancia de la financiaci\u00f3n agr\u00edcola justa.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Haz clic aqu\u00ed para leer el informe completo.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

 <\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

La agricultura estadounidense depende del cr\u00e9dito tanto como de semillas, suelo, lluvia y sol. Sin cr\u00e9dito, los agricultores no pueden invertir en tractores, ganado o nuevos sistemas de riego. Pueden no sobrevivir a un a\u00f1o dif\u00edcil de precios bajos o condiciones clim\u00e1ticas adversas.
\nPero el cr\u00e9dito agr\u00edcola nunca se ha distribuido de manera equitativa. Los miembros de grupos desatendidos \u2014incluyendo personas de color, mujeres y j\u00f3venes o nuevos agricultores\u2014 han encontrado desde hace tiempo dif\u00edcil o imposible acceder al cr\u00e9dito en igualdad de condiciones con sus competidores.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":8,"featured_media":925,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":"","_links_to":"","_links_to_target":""},"categories":[112],"tags":[34,42],"issue":[21],"class_list":["post-972","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-insights","tag-farmers-and-ranchers","tag-racial-justice","issue-farmers-rural-communities"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nAmerica\u2019s unfair food system was built on lending discrimination. We\u2019re fighting back. - Farmstand<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"American agriculture relies on credit as much as it does seeds, soil, rain, and sun. Without credit, farmers cannot invest in tractors, livestock, or new irrigation systems. They may not survive a hard year of low prices or bad weather. But agricultural credit has never been distributed equally. 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